Friday, November 12, 2010

85 一位50歲男性的左耳前近下頷骨上方,有一個界限分明、不會疼痛的腫塊。2年前他已發現這個腫塊存在,他覺得腫塊慢慢變大,目前約有3公分大而就醫。除此之外,他並未有其他的症狀。此病人的腫塊最可能是:
腺樣囊狀癌(Adenoid cystic carcinoma) 惡性淋巴瘤(Malignant lymphoma)
多形性腺瘤(Pleomorphic adenoma) 鱗狀細胞癌(Squamous cell carcinoma)



pleomorphic - patotid gland tumor!!!!
========================

87 有關陰莖鱗狀細胞癌的敘述,下列何者錯誤?
與erythroplasia of Queyrat的病灶無關 常會轉移到腹股溝、腸骨淋巴腺
發病率與個人生殖器衛生習慣有關 與HPV-16及HPV-18有關係

erythroplasia of quey-rat (龜頭tumore = 龜 rat)
=========================

88 一位63歲糖尿病患者因大葉性肺炎伴隨敗血症及腎衰竭住院,接受抗生素治療3週後出現腹脹拉肚子,糞便有少許血絲以及黏液,大腸鏡檢查發現大腸黏膜上覆蓋黃色膜樣的斑塊,糞便Clostridium difficile toxin呈陽性反應,下列何者為最有可能之診斷?
毒性巨結腸症(toxic megacolon) 偽膜性結腸炎(pseudomembranous colitis)
輻射小腸結腸炎(radiation enterocolitis) 腸套疊(intussusception)

覆蓋黃色膜樣的斑塊= pseudomembranous!
==========================
90 在結腸直腸癌(colorectal carcinoma)的腫瘤細胞中,最不可能出現以下何種變化?
內分泌分化(endocrine differentiation) 腺體分化(glandular differentiation)
肌肉性分化(muscular differentiation) 鱗狀細胞分化(squamous cell differentiation)

we are macho, and we dont move
==============================

91 一位40歲女性,最近幾個月來常覺得嚴重噁心、嘔吐及食量變少,體重也下降了6公斤。上消化道內視鏡檢查發現幾乎所有胃部黏膜皆呈現紅斑狀鵝卵石般變化。上消化道放射影像檢查也發現胃變小且皺縮。若她接受胃切除治療,最可能出現下列何種變化?
胃潰瘍伴隨早期胃癌(gastric ulcer with early gastric carcinoma)
戒環細胞癌(signet-ring cell adenocarcinoma)
瀰漫性大淋巴細胞瘤(diffuse large B cell lymphoma)
慢性萎縮性胃炎(chronic atrophic gastritis)


紅斑狀鵝卵石般變化= adenocarcinoma! adeno= stone!
=========================
92 一位17歲女孩,有經常流鼻血、齒齦易出血,多次月經過多病史。血紅素、血容積比、血小板、白血球皆正常。血小板對ADP、膠原蛋白、腎上腺素及凝血酶等均無凝集反應,但對瑞斯托菌素(Ristocetin)反應正常。凝血酶原時間(PT)及部分促凝血酶原激酶原時間(aPTT)均無延長。該女孩最可能罹患何症?
瀰漫性血管內凝集(disseminated intravascular coagulation)
革蘭滋慢氏凝集無力症(Glanzmann thrombasthenia)
免疫性血小板缺乏性紫斑(immune thrombocytopenic purpura)
微利布蘭德氏病(Von Willebrand disease)

answer by exclusion:

platelet ok BT ok? 血小板對ADP、膠原蛋白、腎上腺素及凝血酶等均無凝集反應: something is wrong here

PT ok extrinsic ok
aPTT ok intrinsic ok
ristocetin ok vWD ok

so only the Glanzmann trhombasthenia falls in the answer
Glanzmann thrombasthenia is a genetic platelet disorder in which the platelet glycoprotein IIb/IIIa (GP IIb/IIIa) complex is either deficient or present but dysfunctional. The genes of both of these proteins are on chromosome 17, and 50% activity of each protein is enough to support normal platelet aggregation. Defects in the GP IIb/IIIa complex leads to defective platelet aggregation and subsequent bleeding.1,2,3,4,5,6

The ristocetin induced platelet aggregation (RIPA) is an in vitro assay for von Willebrand factor activity[1]used to diagnose von Willebrand disease. It has the benefit over the ristocetin cofactor activity in that it can diagnose type 2B vWD and Bernard-Soulier syndrome.

In an unknown fashion, the antibiotic ristocetin causes von Willebrand factor to bind the platelet receptorglycoprotein Ib (GpIb), so when ristocetin is added to normal blood, it causes agglutination. In von Willebrand disease, where von Willebrand factor is absent or defective, abnormal agglutination occurs:

No comments: