55 下列有關降血脂藥物對血中HDL或LDL含量影響之描述何者錯誤？
Fibric acid可減低血中LDL-C含量 Statins可減低血中LDL-C含量
Nicotinic acid可增加血中HDL含量 Ezetimibe可增加血中HDL含量
ans D
Ezetimibe is a drug that lowers cholesterol. It acts by decreasing cholesterol absorption in the intestine.
58 下列何種藥物可以有效地治療犬絛蟲（Echinococcus granulosus）所造成的肝囊腫？
Albendazole Ivermectin Oxamniquine Niclosamide
ans A
Echinococcus granulosus, also called the Hydatid worm or Hyper Tape-worm, is acyclophyllid cestode that parasitizes the small intestine of canids as an adult
60 下列何者與penicillin G合併使用，是最有效治療腸球菌感染的藥物？
Tobramycin Gentamicin Netilmicin Streptomycin
D
61 下列何者為最有效治療多重抗藥菌株M. tuberculosis對streptomycin有抗藥性的首選藥物？
Amikacin Spectinomycin Gentamicin Clarithromycin
a
62 下列全身麻醉劑中，何者的化學結構類似phencyclidine（PCP），容易引起惡夢及類神經異常現象？
Propofol Fentanyl Etomidate Ketamine
D
ketamine nightmare!
67 下列何種因素會降低吸入性全身性麻醉劑的誘導速率？
增加吸入性氣體中藥物濃度比例 增加肺泡換氣速率
麻醉藥物血中溶解度較高 降低心輸出量
solubiliy in blood
think in terms of ratio
gas vs liquid
higher gas = faster
68 下列敘述何者正確？
Ipratropium減少呼吸道腺體分泌及氣管平滑肌收縮，可改善肺氣腫（emphysema）症狀
氣喘發作時，應該選擇β2-adrenergic receptor活化劑，如timolol，以便即時擴張氣管
Scopolamine因能活化muscarinic ACh受體，故可減輕暈車、暈船等中樞神經系統引起之嘔吐
身心遇緊急狀況時，因會興奮迷走神經，故導致心跳加速，瞳孔縮小
ans A
timolol is non selective!
69 下列何種藥物是經由抑制muscarinic receptor而達到治療irritable bowel syndrome的作用？
Bethanechol Pirenzepine Tropicamide Clidinium
ans D
Bethanechol is a parasympathomimetic choline ester that selectively stimulates muscarinic receptors without any effect on nicotinic receptors.
tropicamide is an antimuscarinic drug that produces short acting mydriasis (dilation of thepupil) and cycloplegia[1] when applied as eye drops.
Pirenzepine (Gastrozepin) is used in the treatment of peptic ulcers, as it reduces gastric acid secretion and reduces muscle spasm. It is in a class of drugs known as muscarinic receptor antagonists - acetylcholine being the neurotransmitter of the parasympathetic nervous system which initiates the rest-and-digest state (as opposed to fight-or-flight), the result being an increase in gastric motility and digestion. It has no effects on the brain and spinal cord as it cannot diffuse through the blood-brain barrier.
72 Indomethacin具有子宮鬆弛的作用，主要是經由何種機轉而來？
刺激adenylyl cyclase 刺激β-adrenergic receptor
抑制cyclooxygenase 抑制phospholipase A2
抑制cyclooxygenase
Indometacin (INN) or indomethacin (USAN and former BAN) is a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug commonly used to reduce fever, pain, stiffness, and swelling. It works by inhibiting the production of prostaglandins,
73 下列四環黴素中，何者較易有“光敏感”（photosensitization）的副作用？
demeclocycline doxycycline oxytetracycline minocycline
a/b
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