25 評估血液透析劑量是否足夠，最常用的指標為：

再循環速率（recirculation rate） KT / V

血液流速（blood flow rate） 透析液流速（dialysate flow rate）

In medicine, Kt/V is a number used to quantify hemodialysis and peritoneal dialysis treatment adequacy.
K - dialyzer clearance of urea
t - dialysis time
V - volume of distribution of urea, approximately equal to patient's total body water

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27 對於肝腎症候群（hepatorenal syndrome）之敘述，下列何者錯誤？

肝硬化（liver cirrhosis）的病人在抽腹水（paracentesis）時，不要過量，以免造成肝腎症候群

肝功能改善時，腎功能不會隨著改善

若把肝腎症候群病人的腎臟捐給沒有肝病的人，則此腎之功能可以恢復

肝腎症候群的診斷，需先排除其他可能因素

B

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29 一位26歲女性5年來時常感到疲倦及食慾不振，偶而會有關節痛及頭痛。她自己發現左手腕的脈搏很微弱。理學檢查發現左、右兩側的血壓相差有32 mmHg之多，附圖為該患者的MRA檢查。最有可能的診斷為何？

Rheumatic valvular heart disease

Cardiomyopathy

Takayasu arteritis

Aortic aneurysm

C

Takayasu's arteritis (also known as "Aortic arch syndrome", "Nonspecific Aortoarteritis" and "Pulseless disease"^[1]:841) is an inflammatory disease with an unknown cause. It affects the aorta, the main blood vessel from the heart, as well as the blood vessels that attach to it. Although it has been reported worldwide, it is more common in young Asian women. Females are about 8-9 times more likely to get it than males.^[2] People usually get the disease between 15 and 30 years of age.

It is also known as "Pulseless disease" because pulses on the upper extremities, such as the wrist pulse, may not be palpable.