38 下列那種酶同時參與糖解（glycolysis）及葡萄糖新生（gluconeogenesis）之代謝途徑？

 3-磷酸甘油酸激酶（3-phosphoglycerate kinase） 六碳糖激酶（hexokinase）

磷酸果糖激酶-1（phosphofructokinase-1） 丙酮酸激酶（pyruvate kinase）

and A

43 下列何者是RNA聚合酶Ⅱ（RNA polymerase Ⅱ）的產物？

hnRNA tRNA 5S RNA 28S rRNA

ans A

Heterogeneous nuclear RNA (hnRNA) is also called pre-mRNA

It catalyzes the transcription of DNA to synthesize precursors ofmRNA and most snRNA and microRNA

44 下列何者可有效地抑制老鼠體內mRNA的合成？

Erythromycin Alpha-amanitin Tetracycline Rifampicin

amantinin

48 glycerol-3-phosphate shuttle之作用為何？

是肝、腎和心臟細胞運送細胞質中NADH進入電子傳遞鏈之途徑

將細胞質中NADH的還原當量（reducing equivalents）傳送至ubiquinone

glycerol-3-phosphate shuttle比malate aspartate shuttle所產生之ATP量多

主要目的是將ATP送出粒線體外利用

ans Bbbb

Function

The glycerol-3-phosphate shuttle allows the NADH synthesized in the cytosol by glycolysis to contribute to the oxidative phosphorylationpathway in the mitochondria to generate ATP.^[1] It has been found in animals, fungi, and plants.^[2]

49 Rotenone會抑制粒線體電子傳遞鏈的那一個步驟？

NADH→coenzyme Q Cyt b→Cyt c1 Cyt c1→Cyt c Cyt c→Cyt (a+a3)

ans A

Rotenone is an odorless chemical that is used as a broad-spectrum insecticide, piscicide, and pesticide.

Method of action

Rotenone works by interfering with the electron transport chain in mitochondria. Specifically, it inhibits the transfer of electrons from iron-sulfur centers in complex I to ubiquinone. This interferes with NADH during the creation of usable cellular energy (ATP). This is much like the action of amytal.

50 下列關於protein kinase A的敘述，何者正確？

受cyclic GMP的調控進行活化

受AMP的調控進行活化

受cyclic AMP的調控進行活化

Protein kinase A的活化可促進細胞內脂肪酸的生合成（fatty acid biosynthesis）

ans C

Protein kinase A (PKA) refers to a family of enzymes whose activity is dependent on the level of cyclic AMP (cAMP) in the cell, in cell biology. PKA is also known as cAMP-dependent protein kinase

protein kinase A

cyclic Amp