1 病人出現短期記憶（short-term memory）的障礙，此病人可能因大腦邊緣系統（limbic system）的巴氏神經迴路（circuit of Papez）受損害，下列那一構造不參與此迴路？
穹窿（fornix） 乳頭體（mamillary body）
丘腦內背側核（mediodorsal thalamic nucleus） 扣帶回（cingulum）
answer: MLN
Papez circuit
The initial pathway was described as follows:
- Hippocampal formation (Subiculum) → fornix → mammillary bodies
- Mammillary bodies → mammillothalamic tract → anterior thalamic nucleus
- Anterior thalamic nucleus → genu of the internal capsule → cingulate gyrus
- Cingulate gyrus → cingulum → parahippocampal gyrus
- Parahippocampal gyrus → entorhinal cortex → perforant pathway →hippocampus.
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