54 一位36歲的女性病人,因為癲癇發作及意識障礙而住院治療。1週前她開始有輕微的發燒及頭痛;2天前有一次聽到外面有人在講她的壞話,跑出去跟不相關的路人大吵一架,然後就不再出門,在家裡喃喃自語,行為非常奇怪;今天早上發生癲癇而來住院。病人在急診室做了腦脊髓液的檢查,結果顯示RBC 102/mm3、WBC 347/mm3,其中83%是淋巴球,蛋白質為正常的1.5倍,糖分濃度則正好為當時血糖值的一半。腦波檢查發現兩側顳葉的功能異常,並有規則陣發性的癲癇樣放電(periodic epileptiform discharges)。下列診斷中那一項最有可能?
細菌性腦膜炎(bacterial meningitis) 單純疱疹性腦炎(herpes simplex encephalitis)
黴菌性腦炎(fungal meningoencephalitis) 結核菌性腦膜炎(T.B. meningitis)
herpes simplex encephalitis ANS
糖分濃度則正好為當時血糖值的一半: normal sugar 100 : half of that is about 50: still within normal csf sugar which is about 50-80 mg/dL
Reference ranges in CSF | |||
---|---|---|---|
Substance | Lower limit | Upper limit | Unit |
Glucose | 50[3] | 80[3] | mg/dL |
Protein | 15[3] | 40[4]–45[3] | mg/dL |
RBCs | n/a[3] | 0[3] / negative | cells/µL |
WBCs | 0[3] | 3[3] | cells/µL |
the clue for this question lies in the elevation of the lymphocyte counts.
this is found in viral type of meningitis
normal sugar
protein may or may not increase
lymphocytosis!!!!!!
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