Monday, November 15, 2010

1 有一位嬰兒出生時沒有明顯的異狀。大約3個月大時,父母覺得寶寶的肢體動得比較不好。一次感冒後咳嗽一直不好,呼吸變得困難,送到醫院檢查胸部X光發現心臟很大,抽血creatinine kinase濃度明顯上升。下列那一項後續的診斷發展最為適當?
抽血檢查acid alpha-glucosidase活性,證明為龐貝氏症(Pompe disease)
心臟超音波,證明為心室中膈缺損
肌肉切片檢查,證明為脊髓性肌肉萎縮症
基因檢測,證明為裘馨氏肌肉失養症

ans A


lysosomal disease!!!!!

Pompe氏症是一種溶小體貯積症,全身的細胞都會受到影響,尤其以心臟及肌肉系統最嚴重。嬰兒型患者症狀在前幾個月就會出現,包括四肢軟弱、呼吸困難和心臟衰竭。患者看起來舌頭突出,心臟肥大,心電圖有典型的變化,包括P-R間距較短。患者的智能發展正常,肝臟雖然會慢慢地腫大,其功能通常正常,也不會有低血糖象。通常患者在一歲前會死亡。

晚發型患者,相對於嬰兒型患者,則可能到成年後才出現肌肉無力的症狀,內臟的變化則不一定會發生。肌肉的症狀以下肢較為明顯,而且可能進行得很慢。



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6 先天性心臟病約占活產兒0.5-0.8%,但在新生兒合併下列狀況時,其發生率會提高10倍以上。前述現象最適合的例子為:

Trisomy 21 Maternal lupus

Persistent pulmonary hypertension Maternal smoking


answer is trisomy 21


look at what the question is asking: nor referring to prenatal

but what但在新生兒合併下列狀況時: in the new born


thus the ans trisomy 21 is the right guess.


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7 無脾症(asplenia syndrome或稱right isomerism)為heterotaxy症候群的一種表現。下列敘述何者與無脾症最沒有關聯?

 常合併複雜性心臟病 血液抹片可看到紅血球內的Howell-Jolly body

較易得到細菌性感染 易合併膽道異常



ans 易合併膽道異常


howell jolly body is the RBC cells' nucleus remnant.


Lateralization disorders are divided into complete (ie, situs inversus totalis) and incomplete (ie, heterotaxy);


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一位4天大男嬰出生後發現全身有blueberry muffin spot,此病童最不可能是:

 白血病(acute leukemia)

特發性血小板低下性紫斑症(idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura)

Langerhans’ cell histiocytosis

先天性感染(congenital infection)


TORCH THE BLUEBERRY MUFFIN!


ANS IS ITP


the lesion in ITP is not bluish. but rather PURPURA OR PETECHIAE




blueberry muffin spot

Causes:

Prenatal infections (e.g. TORCH)
Severe anemia (e.g. Hemolytic Disease of the newborn, Hereditary spherocytosis)
Neoplastic diseases (e.g. rhabdomyosarcoma, Neuroblastoma)

Indicate extramedullary erythropoiesis



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9 一位12歲血紅素H症(hemoglobin H disease)患者,曾接受脾臟切除,最近有發高燒及咳嗽情形,考慮病人可能有敗血症(sepsis)狀況,下列那種病菌較不常見於此患者身上?

Streptococcus pneumoniae Escherichia coli

Haemophilus influenzae Neisseria meningitidi


ans Escherichia coli

Absent or defective splenic function is associated with a high risk of fulminant bacterial infections, especially with encapsulated bacteria


this is the main point of this question!

In infants younger than 6 months, gram-negative enteric organisms such as Klebsiella species and Escherichia coli are the most common pathogens.


After age 6 months, Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae type b, and Neisseria meningitidis may cause fulminant sepsis.


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10 第8及第14染色體轉位t(8;14)和下列何者關聯性最高?

神經母細胞瘤(neuroblastoma)

威爾姆氏腫瘤(Wilms tumor)

急性淋巴性白血病(acute lymphoblastic leukemia)

非霍杰金氏淋巴瘤(non-Hodgkin lymphoma)


ans D


8;14)Burkitt lymphoma: remember that the 8 look like B


neuroblastoma : N look for myc N


review the different staging of wilms tumor



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