Pompe氏症是一種溶小體貯積症,全身的細胞都會受到影響,尤其以心臟及肌肉系統最嚴重。嬰兒型患者症狀在前幾個月就會出現,包括四肢軟弱、呼吸困難和心臟衰竭。患者看起來舌頭突出,心臟肥大,心電圖有典型的變化,包括P-R間距較短。患者的智能發展正常,肝臟雖然會慢慢地腫大,其功能通常正常,也不會有低血糖象。通常患者在一歲前會死亡。 晚發型患者,相對於嬰兒型患者,則可能到成年後才出現肌肉無力的症狀,內臟的變化則不一定會發生。肌肉的症狀以下肢較為明顯,而且可能進行得很慢。 ================================= 6 先天性心臟病約占活產兒0.5-0.8%,但在新生兒合併下列狀況時,其發生率會提高10倍以上。前述現象最適合的例子為: Trisomy 21 Maternal lupus Persistent pulmonary hypertension Maternal smoking answer is trisomy 21 look at what the question is asking: nor referring to prenatal but what但在新生兒合併下列狀況時: in the new born thus the ans trisomy 21 is the right guess. ========================== 7 無脾症(asplenia syndrome或稱right isomerism)為heterotaxy症候群的一種表現。下列敘述何者與無脾症最沒有關聯? 常合併複雜性心臟病 血液抹片可看到紅血球內的Howell-Jolly body 較易得到細菌性感染 易合併膽道異常 ans 易合併膽道異常 howell jolly body is the RBC cells' nucleus remnant. Lateralization disorders are divided into complete (ie, situs inversus totalis) and incomplete (ie, heterotaxy); =========================== 一位4天大男嬰出生後發現全身有blueberry muffin spot,此病童最不可能是: 白血病(acute leukemia) 特發性血小板低下性紫斑症(idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura) Langerhans’ cell histiocytosis 先天性感染(congenital infection) TORCH THE BLUEBERRY MUFFIN! ANS IS ITP the lesion in ITP is not bluish. but rather PURPURA OR PETECHIAE blueberry muffin spot Causes: Prenatal infections (e.g. TORCH) =========================== 9 一位12歲血紅素H症(hemoglobin H disease)患者,曾接受脾臟切除,最近有發高燒及咳嗽情形,考慮病人可能有敗血症(sepsis)狀況,下列那種病菌較不常見於此患者身上? Streptococcus pneumoniae Escherichia coli Haemophilus influenzae Neisseria meningitidi ans Escherichia coli Absent or defective splenic function is associated with a high risk of fulminant bacterial infections, especially with encapsulated bacteria this is the main point of this question! In infants younger than 6 months, gram-negative enteric organisms such as Klebsiella species and Escherichia coli are the most common pathogens. After age 6 months, Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae type b, and Neisseria meningitidis may cause fulminant sepsis. ========================== 10 第8及第14染色體轉位t(8;14)和下列何者關聯性最高? 神經母細胞瘤(neuroblastoma) 威爾姆氏腫瘤(Wilms tumor) 急性淋巴性白血病(acute lymphoblastic leukemia) 非霍杰金氏淋巴瘤(non-Hodgkin lymphoma) ans D 8;14)Burkitt lymphoma: remember that the 8 look like B neuroblastoma : N look for myc N review the different staging of wilms tumor |
Monday, November 15, 2010
1 有一位嬰兒出生時沒有明顯的異狀。大約3個月大時,父母覺得寶寶的肢體動得比較不好。一次感冒後咳嗽一直不好,呼吸變得困難,送到醫院檢查胸部X光發現心臟很大,抽血creatinine kinase濃度明顯上升。下列那一項後續的診斷發展最為適當?
抽血檢查acid alpha-glucosidase活性,證明為龐貝氏症(Pompe disease)
心臟超音波,證明為心室中膈缺損
肌肉切片檢查,證明為脊髓性肌肉萎縮症
基因檢測,證明為裘馨氏肌肉失養症
ans A
lysosomal disease!!!!!
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