During the storage phase the internal urethral sphincter remains tense and the detrusor muscle relaxed by sympathetic stimulation. During micturition, parasympathetic stimulation causes the detrusor muscle to contract and the internal urethral sphincter to relax. The external urethral sphincter (sphincter urethrae) is under somatic control and is consciously relaxed during micturition.

SYMPATHETIC: STAY URINE

PARASYMPA: PEE URINE!

15

下列有關能量攝取與甲狀腺的關係，何者正確？

攝取過量的碳水化合物可抑制甲狀腺素（thyroxine）的分泌

來自脂肪組織的瘦體素（leptin）可促進甲釋素（thyrotropin releasing hormone）的分泌

瘦體素抑制甲狀腺素的分泌

甲狀腺素過多會抑制瘦體素的分泌

B

LEPTIN: STIMLUATE THYROID HOROMONE THUS GETTING THINNER!

16

腎上腺素（epinephrine）是由那一種胺基酸合成？

色胺酸（tryptophan） 酪胺酸（tyrosine） 半胱胺酸（cysteine） 胱胺酸（cystine）

TYROSINE!!!!!

18

卵的第二次減數分裂（second meiotic division）何時完成？

 排卵前 濾泡破裂排卵時

精子穿透卵的細胞膜時 著床後

C

19

神經學檢查中有關之神經反射，何者屬於單突觸反射（monosynaptic reflex）？

 瞳孔反射（pupillary light reflex） 回縮反射（withdrawal reflex）

膝腱反射（knee jerk） 交叉伸肌反射（crossed-extensor reflex）

C

monosynaptic reflex A simple reflex that involves transmission of information from a sensory neuron to the appropriate motor neuron across a single synapse in the spinal cord. The knee-jerk reflex action is an example of a monosynaptic reflex (see stretch reflex). Compare polysynaptic reflex.

polysynaptic reflex A reflex action that involves an electrical impulse being transferred from a sensory neuron to a motor neuron via at least one connecting neuron (interneuron) in the spinal cord. For example, stimulation of pain receptors in the skin initiates a withdrawal reflex, which involves several synapses with several motor neurons and results in the removal of the organism or part from the stimulus.